In the Middle Ages, flowers and plants were imbued with rich symbolism, deeply connected to religion, culture, and literature ...

The Celts emerged in Central Europe, particularly in the regions that are now Austria, Switzerland, southern Germany, and ...

Napoleon's Mamelukes were an elite cavalry unit composed of former Mamluks, who had initially fought against Napoleon’s ...

The Aedui (or Haedui) were a powerful Celtic tribe in ancient Gaul (modern-day France), who played a significant role in ...

The Romanization of Gaul began in earnest after Julius Caesar's conquest during the Gallic Wars. Prior to this, much of Gaul ...

After the conquest by Julius Caesar, the Pax Romana was established in Roman Gaul, which quickly became one of the most prosperous provinces of the Empire. Despite a few last revolts, the “Roman peace ...

Henry III, King of France from 1574 to 1589, was the last ruler of the Valois dynasty. The fourth son of Henry II and Catherine de’ Medici, he was not initially destined to reign. A skilled legislator ...

The Merovingian dynasty was the first Frankish line of kings who ruled in Western Europe from AD 476 to 752. Dynasty of Frankish kings descending from Merovech, the Merovingians ruled over Gaul until ...

Julius Caesar was born on July 12, 100 BC. Caesar crossed the Rubicon River in 49 BC, starting a civil war. Julius Caesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC, by a group of senators. Ancient Roman ...